Conditional Statement in C#

What is mean by Conditional statement?

A block of code that gets executed basis on a condition is known as conditional Statement. These are of two types:

1. Conditional Branching
2. Conditional Looping.

What is mean by Conditional Branching?

These statements allow us to branch our code depending on whether certain condition was met or not. C# has two constructs for branching code

1. If
2. Switch

The If Statement allows us to test whether a specific condition is met. The switch statement allows us to compare an expression with a number of different values.

If:

• Condition is a Boolean(that is, true or false ) expression.
• If condition is true, then the statement is executed.
• If condition is false, then the statement is bypassed.

     A. Simple If
     B. If Else
     C. Multiple Ifs
     D. Nested Ifs

The syntax for Simple If:-                     

if(Condition)
{
//Statements
}

The syntax for  If Else:-                           

if(Condition)
{
//Statements
}
else
{
//Statements
}

The syntax for Multiple If Else:-                        

if(Condition)
{
//Statements
}
else if(condition
{
//Statements
}
. . .
. . .
else
{
//Statements
}

Switch:

• The switch expression must be of an integer type, such as char, byte, short, or int, or of type string. 
• The default statement sequence is executed if no case constant matches the expression.
• The default is optional.
• If the default is not present, no action takes place if all matches fail.
• When a match is found, the statements associated with that case are executed until the break is encountered.

switch(expression)
{
case constant1:

statement sequence
break:

case constant2:
statement sequence
break;

case constant3:
statement sequence
break;

default:
statement sequence
break;
}

What is mean by Conditional Looping?

C# provides three different loops that allows us to execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain condition is met, those are

1. For Loop
2. While Loop
3. Do While Loop

Every Loop requires three things in common.

• Initialization: That sets the starting point of the loop.
• Condition: That sets the ending point of the loop.
• Iteration: Which takes you to the next level of the cycle either forward or backward direction.

For Loop:

• You can repeatedly execute a sequence of code by creating a loop.
• The general form of the for loop for repeating a single statement is

syntax:

for(initialization;condition;iteration)

statement;

The general form for repeating statements is

for(initialization;condition;iteration)

{

statements;

}

Do While Loop:

• A Do-While loop will always execute at least once.
• The general form of the Do-While Loop is 

do 

{

statement1;

statement2;

increment/decrement;

}while(condition);

Note:

•  In case of for/while the execution starts after checking the conditions so if the condition gets satisfied then only the code gets executed. So, the minimum number of execution will be zero.
• Whereas in the case of Do-While loop after completing the 1 st execution then only, the condition gets verified. So, the minimum number of execution here will be one.

jump Statements:

C# provides a number of statements that allows you to jump immediately toi another line in a program. Those are

1. goto
2. break
3. continue
4. return

1. goto: It allows you to jump directly to another specified line in the program, indicate by a label which is an identifier followed by a colon.

2. Break: It is used to exit from a case in a switch statement and also used to exit from any conditional loop statement which will switch the control to the statement immediately after the end of the loop.

3. Continue: The jump statement is mostly used in c for loop for skipping a few iterations of a cycle. That is whenever continue executes a control directly transfer to the iteration part without executing any statement present after it.

4. Return:

• It is a jump statement that can jump out of a method or function in execution.
• While jumping out it can also carry a value out of the method or function